[11] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charra people, when the Portuguese first established Colnia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. El Sporting de Gijn recibe al Valencia en un nico partido por Copa del Rey para meterse en los cuartos de final del certamen. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [32], In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. [32], Gabriel Terra became president in March 1931. [42] The economy reflected a steep upswing (if demonstrated graphically, above all other related economic determinants), in livestock raising and exports. [24] Since bilateral relations with Argentina are considered a priority, Uruguay denies clearance to British naval vessels bound for the Falkland Islands, and prevents them from calling in at Uruguayan territories and ports for supplies and fuel. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). Die Kste ist 660 km lang. [160] Other Uruguayan bands of success are: Toco Para Vos, Vi-Em[es], Toco Para Bailar and Golden Rocket. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. The language spoken there is Spanish. WebThe Oriental Republic of Uruguay is a constitutional republic with a democratically elected president and a bicameral legislature. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. On the economic front, the Batlle government (20002005) began negotiations with the United States to create the "Free Trade Area of the Americas" (FTAA). Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. [35] The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative Blancos (Whites) headed by the second President Manuel Oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal Colorados (Reds) led by the first President Fructuoso Rivera, representing the business interests of Montevideo. The telephone system is completely digitized and has very good coverage over all the country. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. [25] People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total. [150] [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. Though 90% of In 2012 the sector was estimated to account for 97,000 jobs and (directly and indirectly) 9% of GDP. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. [163], Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay. Besides football, the most popular sport in Uruguay is basketball. [155] The OLPC programme represents less than 5% of the country's education budget. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. One of the main natural attractions in Uruguay is Punta del Este. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. Uruguay, a nation in southeastern South America covers an area of 176,000 square km and is the continents second smallest nation. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of Colonia Valdense, Colonia Department. Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering the Ro de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. [167] Despite their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006. WebUruguay Montevideo West Mission: 09/18/2022: Salem 12th: 7: Elder Stockton BLACK: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 8: Sister Sydney Clark: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 08/16/2021: 9: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: 04/14/2021: 19: Elder Grant Zimmerman: Uruguay Montevideo Mission: Highland: x Missionaries PDF. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. Over 1,000,000 pictures [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. [162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. [70] The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. [52], In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. Cultural experiences in Uruguay include exploring the country's colonial heritage, as found in Colonia del Sacramento. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Ro de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Mern and the Ro Negro. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. WebThe Directorates mission also includes determining priority sectors and projects and helping Argentine companies expand internationally and/or attract international investment. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. [155] Over the 20072009 period, 362,000 pupils and 18,000 teachers were involved in the scheme; around 70% of the laptops were given to children who did not have computers at home. The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). Serving During: Group by Ward: The growth, use, and sale of cannabis was legalized on 11 December 2013,[110] making Uruguay the first country in the world to fully legalize marijuana. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches 514 metres (1,686ft) AMSL in the Sierra Carap hill range. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. [111], The tourism industry in Uruguay is an important part of its economy. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. [13][14] It is the lowest ranking South American nation in the Global Terrorism Index, and ranks second in the continent on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, and inflows of FDI. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. Diego Forln was presented with the Golden Ball award as the best player of the 2010 tournament. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. WebLead Material Analyst. It is a word in Guarani that was spoken by the natives of the area. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. [25] Bsqueda is Uruguay's most important weekly news magazine and serves as an important forum for political and economic analysis. [53], In 2004, Uruguayans elected Tabar Vzquez as president, while giving the Broad Front a majority in both houses of Parliament. [105] Uruguay was ranked 65th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 62nd in 2019.[106][107][108][109]. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century. [104], According to IMF estimates, Uruguay was likely to achieve growth in real GDP of between 8% and 8.5% in 2010, followed by 5% growth in 2011 and 4% in subsequent years. In the late 1950s, partly because of a worldwide decrease in demand for Uruguyan agricultural products, Uruguayans suffered from a steep drop in their standard of living, which led to student militancy and labor unrest. As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. [65], Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [28], In 1831 Fructuoso Rivera, Uruguay's first president, organized the final strike of the Charrua genocide, eradicating the last remnants of the Uruguayan native population.[29]. Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). [24] Until 1947, about 90% of the railroad system was British-owned. The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. In March 2020, Uruguay got a conservative government, meaning the end of 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition. Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). [76], For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por [32] Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). He has worked as an attorney and business executive. Uruguay declared independence in 1825 and then secured independence in 1828 following a three-year conflict with Brazil and the dissolution of its federation with Argentina. WebUruguay le na pobe Atlantskho ocenu, v regionu Cono Sur. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [170] In 2010, the Uruguayan government enacted measures intended to retain players in the country. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). [32] Colorado Party leader Julio Mara Sanguinetti won the presidency and served from 1985 to 1990. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. [162] MercoPress is an independent news agency focusing on news related to Mercosur and is based in Montevideo. [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. WebWife, Julie; four children. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. [37] In 1865, the Triple Alliance was formed by the emperor of Brazil, the president of Argentina, and the Colorado general Venancio Flores, the Uruguayan head of government whom they both had helped to gain power. One of the effects of this high level of unionization was to reduce socio-economic inequalities. [117] PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. [169], Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. "Kaufman, who spoke at the U.S. Congressional Hearings of 1976 on behalf of Amnesty International, estimated that one in every five Uruguayans went into exile, one in fifty were detained, and one in five hundred went to prison (most of them tortured)." In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. Uruguay is a country in South America. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to enter the region of present-day Uruguay in 1512. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. [25] There are also important communities of Japanese. [44] In 1933, Terra organized a coup d'tat, dissolving the General Assembly and governing by decree. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. [25] The Post-Impressionist painter Pedro Figari achieved international renown for his pastel studies of subjects in Montevideo and the countryside. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. Newport News, Virginia, United States. [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [136], Uruguay's rate of population growth is much lower than in other Latin American countries. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. He never lived in Uruguay. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. Minister of Economy and Finance Alejandro Vgh Villegas seeks to promote the financial sector and foreign investment. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. The only country in South America that is smaller than Uruguay is Suriname. [73], The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. When a child remains in Uruguay for more than 365 days and is traveling with only one parent, traveling alone, or traveling with someone other than the parents, the minor child is required to have a Permiso de Menor (permission for a minor) issued by the Uruguayan National Immigration Directorate prior to departing Uruguay. WebUruguay. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. [32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. Contents 1 Native 2 Colonization 3 Struggle for independence, 18111828 [35], In 1843, an Argentine army overran Uruguay on Oribe's behalf but failed to take the capital. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%.