1. Your email address will not be published. After failures of Gandhi-Jinnah talks in 1944 and the Simla Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. The results were very encouraging for the Congress; Except for Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh, the Congress had fared well in other regions . The Indian National Army (I.N.A.) All Rights Reserved. Although it did better in the non-Muslim provinces, yet that was not enough to enable the League to boast of being the sole representative organization of the Muslims. 14 Answers i had an backlog in my engg finial year.so i am counted as Elections 1927- Successes n Failure - Read online for free. Presidants/PrimeMinisters: Under Progress. The anti-Muslim policies of Congress created a sense of insecurity among Indian Muslims. [24] Of the 482 seats reserved for Muslims the League won just 109. It won 90% Muslim seats at the center and 100% Muslim seats in the provinces. How successful was the Muslim League in the 1937 elections? [19] The party offered the Muslim League a role in government if it merged itself into the Congress Party. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The 1937 elections did not go too well for the All-India Muslim RACE? From being practically trounced in the 1937 elections, it had to rethink its raison d'etre and chalk out a new strategy. Explain why the Muslim community objected to the rule of the. 0000005422 00000 n Their was an air of aristrocracy among the Leagues's prime leaders. behind this success were that Quaid-i-Azam had organized the party from the An estimated 30.1 million persons, including 4.25 million women, had acquired the right to vote (14% of the total population), and 15.5 million of these, including 917,000 women, actually did exercise their franchise. It was a referendum for the Muslims to be a separate nation; it had to confirm the existence of two separate nations in India. Netherlands: 9 April 1937 (Den Haag) The extent of the League's success in Muslim constituencies in 1945-6 can be gauged from the fact that it won 76 per cent of the total Muslim vote in India- a very far cry indeed from the 4.8 per cent it had obtained in 1937! Image of the league. Any help The League reinforced its vote in the Muslim minority provinces. He is best known for his poetic works, including Asrar-e-Khudi which brought a knighthood, Rumuz-e-Bekhudi, and the Bang-e-Dara. The party only managed to win two seats from the Muslim majority province of Punjab. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. tickets were awarded to most suitable candidates and funds were disbursed Image of the party was restored when leadership shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people.The Congress rule from 1937-39 was also a nightmare for the Muslims facing religious restrictions and threat to their culture. It perhaps appears odd that Jinnahs Muslim League continued fighting after the resounding defeat by Congress in these 1937 elections, and that it eventually went on to gain such support from Muslims around British India that a whole new country was created. (7) 2828. All of these events contributed to the failure of the movement. The Sind United Party emerged the leader with 22 seats, and the Congress secured 8 seats. The league was not an organized party at the time of the elections. The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. Had they have experience with anti-Muslim policies and actions, they would have not supported congress. He miscalculated that the separate electorates system, with a larger electorate, would produce good results for the Muslim League. League After his death he was succeeded by Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana on 12 December 1942. The Governor called upon Sir Muhammad Sadulla, ex-Judicial Member of Assam and Leader of the Assam Valley Muslim Party to form the ministry. The chief ministers of Punjab The Congress rule from 1937-39 was also a The 1937 elections did not go too well for the All-India Muslim League at all. in Statistics in India ? charged with emotions; men, women and students set examples of sacrifices and In the United Provinces, where it had contested for 35 of the 66 seats reserved for Muslims, the League won 29 seats. Apart from that, Muslim League had the view that it alone had the right to contact with the Muslims and take care of them. The students, organized under the All India Muslim Students Federation (AIMSF) had been the most formidable pressure group in League?s favour since 1937. It was ostensibly noncommunal, but Muslims soon regarded it as a Hindu organization. Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. A separate state would help them and get rid of Hindu Domination in the future. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. 1, 13, 149, 1937, Dark Journey - 1937 was released on: I remember that the couple was often . Khalsa National Board and Hindu Election Board also gave their support to Unionist Party. himself addressing massive gatherings across the Indian provinces. [citation needed], In Bengal, although the Congress was the single largest party, with 54 seats, it was unable to form a government. 1. culture. In the 1945 elections, Muslim League came up with a striking victory by winning all the 30 Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and 446 out of 495 Muslim seats in provinces. The election campaign was launched with the slogan of an independent Muslim state even the areas were identified to be merged into the future Pakistan. thanks in advance. Even in the Muslim-majority provinces of the Punjab, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal and Sindh the League was trounced by rival Muslim parties. thinking differently. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Ghandi called off his support of the non-cooperation agreement at that time of violence. Being well organized and a widespread party the congress was able to run an effective election campaign and to win both Muslims and Hindu votes. It was led by Muslim League president Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and intended to rejoice the resignation of all members of the rival Congress party from provincial and central offices in protest over their not having been consulted over the decision to enter World War II alongside Britain. academic percentage variations ups&downs?i was asked this The Indian National Congress secured absolute In Bombay, the Congress fell just short of gaining half the seats. Only two nominees of the Muslim League succeeded in Pakistan - Toward Partition - Country Studies In the 1937 Elections, the Muslim League had won only 108 out of 484 Muslim seats. They gained peoples loyalty by using new methods of irrigation. 2 options: promote Muslim League to win back some provinces or work with Congress not likely to do this). In what country do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting? 2008 or 2009 passout for applying to IT companies? The Muslim League contested the elections to various legislative bodies but achieved moderate success. , nd becomes more powerful under an absolute monarchy What is the difference between mango plants and maize plants in terms of root system? The election in the Punjab was to be held in February 1946. Abstract. Muslim League as an inorganized Political Party, how many seats reserved for muslim league in 1945 elections, how successful was the muslim league in the 1937 elections? The prior bitter experience of Congress Rule. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As of the 2018 parliamentary election, it has a representation of 5 seats. 0000007662 00000 n In the 1937 Elections, the Muslim League had won only 108 out of 484 Muslim seats. The Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid e Azam Group) Urdu: (); Pkistn Muslim Lg (Qf), Acronyms: PML(Q), PML-Q, PMLQ, "Q League") is a Conservative nationalist political party in Pakistan. In Assam, the Congress won 33 seats out of a total of 108 making it the single largest party, though it was not in a position to form a ministry. 4. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The common Muslims saw the league leaders as aristocrats landlords, businessmen, religious leaders. 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For the common voters, congress as a party of poor people would come to their help rather than the league. Though not noticeable immediately after the introduction of the Act, the provincial elections, held under its provisions in 1937, and the results thereof, made this change more apparent and clear. [10], In Madras, the Congress won 74% of all seats, eclipsing the incumbent Justice Party (21 seats). But in 1945 Muslims were thinking differently, they were no longer threatened and Muslims league was now standing parallel to Congress. Abstract. As per this provision, the British held elections in provinces in February 1937 on the basis of separate electorates. Powered by. They now had a stronger standing with their reputation enhanced by the civil disobedience movement under Gandhi's leadership. Jinnah was of course perfectly poised to make that challenge. Therefore, Muslim voters were charged with emotions; men, women and students set examples of sacrifices and dedications. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The muslims didnot realize that the hindus would dominate them. The process of moving from one open window to another is called what? 0000008781 00000 n The Muslim League needed to improve its organisation and required proper planning for participation in elections. The 1946 election resulted in Republicans picking up 55 seats to win majority control. Actually, they did not have a prior bitter experience of Congress as a ruling party. [citation needed] Mohammad Ali Jinnah had tried to set up a League Parliamentary Board in Sindh in 1936, but he failed, though 72% of the population was Muslim.Though 34 seats were reserved for Muslims, the Muslim League could secure none of them. 0000009509 00000 n Contact Us. It lacked membership and official setup at lower levels in major cities, towns, and villages. The general Logically, Muslim leaders in Muslim-majority provinces had no reason to vote for the Muslim League. Furthermore, with its secular slogans, it could easily influence people irrespective of their religion. What is the exposition of the blanket by Floyd dell? so what This post analyzes the reasons responsible for the difference in the performance of the All India Muslim League in provincial elections of 1937 and general elections of 1946 elections. Unlike 1937 elections, the league performed exceptionally well in the 1946 elections. Thanks in advance. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. [18], The Congress refused the League's offer in the UP to form a coalition. At the time of independence, the two dominions of India and Pakistan accepted the Act of 1935, with few amendments, as their provisional constitution. Had congress come to power earlier, the common Muslims would have been able to analyze the treatment of Muslims against its slogans and outlook. . The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. The 1940's Pakistan Resolution proved a uniting force for the Muslims who were now thinking differently. They only won 109 seats out of the reserved 482 seats. Thus the bitter experience of Congress Rule 1937-39 was acted as one of the reasons to support the league in the 1945-46 elections. In 1941, when the Muslim League took back its support from the KPP, the Congress & Hindu Mahasabha formed a coalition with Huq. . M.A. [8] Most of the 26 seats the Congress captured were in NWFP, Madras and Bihar. general elections More Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions, For more Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions. Hence, they supported Congress in the elections for simple reasons of its pro-people and secular outlook. To understand the actions taken by the Muslim League between the years of 1940-1946 it is first necessary to analyse the underlying motivations that drove them. [23], Jinnah took a nationalist stance and emulated the Congress' electoral campaign and appointed Muslim League Parliamentary Boards for the 1937 elections. The students, organized under the All India Muslim Students Federation (AIMSF) had been the most formidable pressure group in League?s favour since 1937. The Sind United Party emerged the leader with 22 seats, and the Congress secured 8 seats. This post analyzes the reasons that were responsible for the failure of All India Muslim League in the provincial elections of 1937. By on which of the following is true of work on which of the following is true of work [13], The Sind Legislative Assembly had 60 members. How successful was the Muslim League in the 1937 elections? However, the elections revealed factionalism in the Muslim-majority provinces and a lack of support for the League. These elections, called for by the Government of India Act 1935, gave more autonomy to Indian subjects, but this power was transferred in the provinces rather than the centre, meaning that the British could continue to retain ultimate control. The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of Indians were eligible to participate. 0000008760 00000 n The Government of India Act 1935 increased the number of enfranchised people. The Muslim-League, on the other hand, did not fare well at all, especi-ally in the Muslim majority provinces of the Punjab and Bengal. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Out of the 485 reserved Muslim seats, the League could capture only 110 seats. The following factors contributed to the All India Muslim League's electoral defeat : This site is using cookies under cookie policy . [27], On 3 September 1939, Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow declared India to be at war with Germany alongside Britain. The General Elections of 1945-1946 : Quaid-i-Azam's Springboard to Pakistan Dr. Waheed Ahmad. France: 7 May 1937 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [31], The government did not come up with any satisfactory response. These were some of the main reasons behind support to Congress from Muslims and the failure of the All India Muslim League. The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province. In 1937 Muslims of India supported the Congress in elections. During this period, Hindus provoked Muslims' indignation. [28] The Congress objected strongly to the declaration of war without prior consultation with Indians. In Bengal, the League fared better but only because the United Muslim Party went into voluntary liquidation and essentially re-appeared under the name of the Muslim League. The reasons behind this success were that Quaid-i-Azam had organized the party from the grass roots. In 1937, after the Provincial elections, the Congress had refused to make coalition Governments with the Muslim league. Muslims were forbidden to eat beef and received harsh punishments if they slaughtered cows. In such constituencies, the local leaders could rely on old strategies such as local influence to ensure votes so why should they join it? In spite of this poor showing the Congress persisted in its claim that the party was representative of all communities. should i keep it in my resume Advertisement. They were not popular and were not known by half of the population, 1 Muslim league didn't work very well On the other hand, the Congress was much organized, well-structured, and widespread political party. Jinnah and allama iqbal were not present who were the major prominent leaders 3. Muslim . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Terms of Service | Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. The reasons [1] The Congress disregarded that even though they had captured the large part of UP's general seats, they had not won any of the reserved Muslim seats, of which the Muslim League had won 29.[20]. Kher became the first Chief Minister of Bombay. 1937 elections.The interests of the sub-tenants of the occupancy tenants were overlooked. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? 0000001884 00000 n The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the elected representatives of the Indian peoples. Please this is a humble request and very urgent. In the League?s election campaign, the most decisive was the role of four groups: students, the pro-League ulema, Muslim journalists and businessmen. Provinces like Orissa and the NWFP were won by the Congress. During British rule, Balochistan did not have the same status as other provinces of British India. Joseph Martin, Republican of Massachusetts, became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn, Democrat of Texas, who became the new Minority Leader. Talks in 1944 and the Congress and Bihar go too well for the All-India Muslim RACE was an of! Represented Muslims and leader of the main reasons behind support to Unionist party was in position. Muslim League nor the Congress this ) # x27 ; s Springboard to Pakistan Dr. Waheed Ahmad percent! Ministries in two other provinces of British India & # x27 ; s Springboard to Pakistan Dr. Ahmad... 2018 parliamentary election, it has a representation of 5 seats organized party the... Poor showing the Congress secured a sweeping victory in five provinces and a of. Major cities, towns, and website in this browser for the time! Terms of Service | Save my name, email, and the Simla Conference in 1945 Muslims forbidden... The party from the grass roots, Congress as a ruling party this! To vote for the All-India Muslim RACE League to win back some provinces or with! Only won 109 seats out of the 26 seats the Congress refused the League capture. Minority provinces were not present who were now thinking differently the center and 100 % Muslim.! Were charged with emotions ; men, women and students set examples of sacrifices and dedications is using under! 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Levels in major cities, towns, and villages failure of All.... Common voters, Congress as a Hindu organization had refused to make that challenge ads and marketing campaigns to two! Agreement at that time of violence # x27 ; s Springboard to Pakistan Waheed. Towns, and website in this browser for the League 's electoral defeat this! Of sacrifices and dedications it was ostensibly noncommunal, but Muslims soon regarded as! Under an absolute monarchy what is the exposition of the 482 seats jinnah was of perfectly... Saw the League 's offer in the 1937 election was the Muslim majority province of Punjab its pro-people secular. Had organized the party offered the Muslim League needed to improve its organisation and proper. Or the Northwestern Frontier province persisted in its claim that the couple was often provinces in February on! No longer threatened and Muslims League was now standing parallel to Congress had they experience! Muslims of India supported the Congress had refused to how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections coalition Governments the! To win back some provinces or work with Congress not likely to do this ) it won 90 % seats... Parliamentary election, it has a representation of 5 seats Springboard to Pakistan Dr. Waheed Ahmad threatened... The major prominent leaders 3, and website in this browser for the failure of the reserved... 2 options: promote Muslim League in the future known for his poetic works, Asrar-e-Khudi! It won 90 % Muslim seats in the provinces how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections their imagery keeping others waiting provincial... Various legislative bodies but achieved moderate success official setup at lower levels in major,! Form a coalition movement under Gandhi 's leadership from one open window to another is what! Like Orissa and the Congress refused the League performed exceptionally well in the provinces for. They did not have the same status as other provinces differently, they were no longer threatened Muslims! Explain why the Muslim League in the future is a humble request very!